Park

Park (44)

29 Mai 2019

UNESCO World Heritage List

Written by Ivana

Cultural and natural heritage is counted among invaluable and indispensable goods, not just for each country, but for all humanity. Loss of any of these invaluable goods because of deterioration or disappearance means impoverishment of the heritage of all nations of the world. Parts of this heritage, due to their exceptional characteristics, can be considered as goods of "outstanding universal value" and as such, they deserve special protection from the dangers they are increasingly threatened by.

Having been included in the World Heritage List in 2017, the beech forests in the area of Paklenica National Park and the Northern Velebit National Park belong to globally significant localities.

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UNESCO is an organization that has been implementing the idea of the need to preserve the world's natural and cultural heritage since 1972, when the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World's Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted. The purpose of the Convention is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit to future generations the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value. One of the most important instruments of the Convention is the inclusion of heritage into the UNESCO World Heritage List. The main basis for inclusion in the Natural Heritage List is that a heritage asset has an outstanding universal value under one of the four criteria:

- areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance

- areas representing major stages of Earth's history, significant geological processes and possessing significant geomorphic or physiographic features

- areas representing an example of ecological and biological processes in the evolution

- areas which are most significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity

The beech forests of Paklenica National Park and Northern Velebit National Park were listed on UNESCO World Heritage List on 7 July 2017, and together with the beech forests of Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Ukraine comprise the whole of "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". For inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List, as Croatian representatives of the primeval beech forests, two sites were selected, one within the boundaries of Paklenica NP (Suva draga-Klimenta and Oglavinovac-Javornik) and the other part within the borders of Northern Velebit NP (Rožanski and Hajdučki kukovi).

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The beech forests of Paklenica and Northern Velebit National Parks represent exceptionally preserved and undisturbed forest ecosystems, whose authenticity and integrity have been secured by years of protection. They are a valuable part of the European primeval beech forests and an important haven for many species, some of which, like the bear, lynx, wolf, stag beetle, longhorn beetle, and holly, peony or forest orchids, are endangered worldwide.

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Beech is one of the most important species in deciduous temperate forests. It represents a remarkable example of re-invasion of space and development of forest communities after the last glaciation, across the whole of Europe, under a variety of environmental conditions (climatic and geographic) and over a relatively short period of time. It is a process that continues even today.

With the development of civilization and the cultivation of forest areas, significant forest areas have disappeared all over Europe, including beech forests. Many of the beech forests that are still in existence are used for economic purposes, which harms their authenticity. It is estimated that, before human intervention, ancient beech forests in Europe occupied 91 million hectares. Today, primeval beech forests occupy an area of only 90,000 hectares. The only examples of primeval beech forests that can still be explored for their intactness and true preservation are limited to relatively small areas, so it was necessary to unify these remains throughout Europe, under one natural good and with one goal, which is joint care.

In 2021, the Unesco World Heritage Series “ Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe” was extended with 6 additional States Parties (Bosnia&Herzegovina, Czechia, France, North Macedonia, Poland, and Switzerland). This extension added 15 new protected areas to the network. And more precious forest areas in other countries could follow. The entire World Heritage Site comprises the few remaining European primeval beech forests and centuries-old European beech forest areas, which are almost unaltered by humans.

This World Heritage series is currently the largest serial World Heritage property. With 93 sites in 18 countries, it is the only World Heritage Site globally that connects so many component parts. It covers areas in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia& Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Croatia, Czechia, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and the Ukraine. This requires collaboration across boundaries and illustrates the close relationship of the beech forest with European culture.

Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe as a transboundary property is under the joint care of 18 countries in whose territories the individual components are located, and the care is provided through regular meetings and development of joint projects and management documents. More info on the Property is available on the following link: European beech forests

Published in Park

19 Februar 2019

Forsthaus Lugarnica

Written by Super User

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Lugarnica ist ein einfaches Gasthaus, befindet sich unmittelbar neben dem Bach Velika Paklenica neben dem Haupt-Wanderweg. Es ist rund 4 km vom Hauptparkplatz entfernt, aber wenn Sie vom Parkplatz aus direkt zur Lugarnica aufbrechen, gelangen Sie zu dieser in etwa 1.30 h.

In der Lugarnica können Sie mit einem Tee, türkischem Kaffee und einem kalten Getränk Energie tanken oder eine der Speisen aus dem Angebot bestellen. Die Zahlung erfolgt in Bargeld, daher bitten wir Sie, dieses ins Gebirge mitzunehmen.

Arbeitszeit:

Mai - Oktober täglich von 10.00 bis 17.00 Uhr

In der Zeit von Ostern bis Mai ist es nur an Wochenenden und nationalen Feiertagen geöffnet.

Preisliste Lugarnica 2026.

Published in Park

19 Februar 2019

Eingang 2 Mala Paklenica

Written by Super User

Eingang 2 Mala Paklenica:

Die Rezeption an unserem zweiten Eingang in den Nationalpark Paklenica befindet sich vor der Schlucht der Kleinen Paklenica in Seline und ist während der touristischen Saison geöffnet.

Eingang 2:

Eingangskoordinaten: 44.283077, 15.49276

Published in Park

19 Februar 2019

Eingang 1 Velika Paklenica

Written by Super User

An der Rezeption am Eingang 1 können Sie eintägige oder mehrtägige Eintrittskarten für den Parkbesuch kaufen, sowie nützliche Informationen erhalten. Wenn Sie mit dem Auto zum Park kommen können Sie auch einen Parkschein kaufen.

Eingang 1:

Eingangskoordinaten: 44.294053, 15.457578

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Foresters house „Lugarnica“

Written by Super User

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Lugarnica is a simple catering object, located right next to the Velika Paklenica stream beside the main hiking trail. It is 4 km away from the main parking lot, and if you go straight to Lugarnica from there, you should arrive in about 1.30 h.

At Lugarnica you can lift your spirits with tea, Turkish coffee and a cold drink or order some of the dishes on the menu. Payment is made in cash only, so we suggest you bring it along when you leave for the mountain.

Working hours:

May – October daily from 10 am to 5 pm

In the period from Easter till May it is opened only on weekends and on national holidays.

Price list for food and beverages in Lugarnica Cottage 2026

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Entrance 2 Mala Paklenica

Written by Super User

The reception at the second entrance to the Paklenica National Park is located in front of the Mala Paklenica canyon in Seline. It is open only during the main visiting season.

You can also buy entrance tickets, which are valid for Entrance 1, at Entrance 2.

Entrance 2:

Entrance coordinates: 44.283077, 15.49276

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Entrance 1 Velika Paklenica

Written by Super User

You can buy 1-day or several-day tickets for visiting the Park, a parking ticket if you’re entering by car and receive useful information at the Entrance 1 reception.

The Paklenica National Park’s price list is available on the following link: price list

Entrance 1:

Entrance coordinates: 44.294053, 15.457578

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Velebit Mountain Biosphere Reserve

Written by Super User

UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MaB Programme)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established the Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1970, as an intergovernmental scientific programme that promotes the importance of achieving the balance between conserving biodiversity on one hand and development needs of local communities on the other hand.

Within the Programme, a worldwide network of representative significant ecosystems on Earth was created in 1974. Within, the genetic diversity is conserved as a prerequisite for biological diversity, research of ecological systems is conducted, their condition is monitored and education is provided. Certain areas within this network are called biosphere reserves and these are internationally recognized within the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme as areas that promote solutions for a balanced relationship between protection of biological diversity and its sustainable use through the fulfillment of three basic biosphere functions:

Conservation function - they contribute to the preservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variability;
Development function – they foster economic and human development which is socially, culturally and ecologically sustainable;
Logistics function – they provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and sustainable development.

Velebit Mountain was our first biosphere reserve, proclaimed in 1978, immediately upon establishment of the world network of biosphere reserves. Our second biosphere reserve, Mura-Drava-Danube, was proclaimed in 2012. It is a transboundary reserve, stretching over the territory of Croatia and Hungary.

It should be clear that the term “biosphere reserve” does not imply strict protection of the area. It is a name of the area management concept which includes three zones: core area, buffer zone and transition zone.
Core area must be legally protected; it comprises ecologically most valuable areas and it is intended for scientific research and monitoring (areas within national parks, strict nature reserves and special nature reserves).
Buffer zone surrounds the core area and it has to be clearly identified (area of the Nature Park Velebit). It shelters the core area from potential negative influence and sustains the activities harmonized with conservation objectives (mostly sustainable tourism, agricultural and forest management with applied protection measures).
Transition zone mostly comprises populated areas next to the buffer zone, where educational activities are conducted and sustainable development is promoted as part of economic development.

There are many benefits pertaining to the proclamation of a biosphere reserve. The concept of biosphere reserve can be used as a framework for guiding and strengthening the projects which improve people’s lives and ensure environmental sustainability. UNESCO’s recognition can emphasize and award such individual efforts. Designation of a biosphere reserve can raise the awareness of the local population and the authorities on environmental protection within sustainable development. It can help attract additional resources from different sources. On the national level, a biosphere reserve can serve as a pilot area or “learning point” for research and demonstration of an approach to conservation and sustainable development, as well as their application in other areas.

The MAB Programme was among the first in the world which put an emphasis on achieving the balance between conserving biodiversity on one hand and development needs of local communities on the other, which is why it was supported by the World Park Congress and today it greatly contributes to the application of the Convention on Biological Diversity and UN Millennium Development Goals.

BROCHURE

MAP

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Local religious customs

Written by Super User

Mirila (Measures) are unique landmarks alongside the paths and trails of the Velebit Mountain. They were made in the period between the 17^th and the 20^th century, and are associated with a sepulchral custom of the local population who had to carry their dead to the cemetery because the church and the cemetery were far away. They consist of a headstone and a footstone, with paving between them. The length of the deceased was measured and marked with two stone tablets, so the measure was made after the deceased was buried. They were worshipped and visited more than the grave, where “only the body lies, without the soul that remained at the measure”.

Mirila, stone monuments to the departed, can be found along the mountain paths, passes, elevations and clearings of the Velebit Mountain. They preserve the memories of persons who died on the mountain slopes and had to be carried to the village church and then to the cemetery where they were buried. Today, Mirila are protected as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Croatia.

Visit exhibition "Mirila-resting places of the souls" in ethno house Marasović in Starigrad-Paklenica. This is the exhibition about the stone markers of a unique funeral cult, which convey the customs, way of life and creativity of an entire era, in a contemporary interpretation of scientist and artist (Siniša Reberski, Krešimir Rončević, Radivoj Simonović, Tomo Vinšćak, Mirjana Trošelj, Petar i Josip Strmečki, Josip Zanki).

mirila

Site Grabove doline

There is preserved location with Mirila on the locality Grabove doline inside the Paklenica NP. These monuments are connected to the nearby settlement.

Poučna staza Mirila

For more information, you can visit the Mirila Virtual Museum

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Traditional architecture

Written by Super User

The arrival of Croats in this area began in the early Middle Age. The earliest preserved traces of their presence are the chapels of St. George (Sv. Juraj) in Rovanjska and the chapel of St. Peter (Sv. Petar) in Starigrad, built in the 9^th or 10^th century A.D.

Chapel of St. Peter (Sv. Petar) in Starigrad

Two forts - Večka kula (on the cape just east of Starigrad) and Paklarić (on top of a long-abandoned prehistoric hillfort, overlooking the entrance to Velika Paklenica gorge) – were probably erected in the late Middle Age (14^th-16^th century).

Vecka kula The depiction of the ruins of Večka Tower during the Turkish wars (by Martin Stier, mid-17th century)

This era was followed by two centuries of war with the Turks. The population fled and the area at the foot of Velebit was completely abandoned. As the Turkish power began to fade, in 1671 the Venetian authorities began to populate the area of Starigrad with Bunjevacs, a Croatian population from the neighboring areas that were still under Turkish occupation. In 1700, the Turks finally retreated, and the area at the foot of South Velebit was annexed to Venetian Dalmatia.

People
The pastures and treatable land of Velebit, contained in karstic sinkholes, provided for the local population. Having adapted to the geographic and climatic environment, the residents mostly engaged in nomad stock herding, which is confirmed by mountain shepherd residences. The fact that many people stayed in mountain residences in the summertime is reflected in the ruins of numerous sacral buildings: churches, chapels, altars, holy hills and measures (mirila). The features of the area are also reflected in the traditional architectural style – namely, the cube roofs, concrete barrel-shaped roofs that have remained preserved on houses, economic facilities and mills along the stream of Velika Paklenica.

Distinctive roof architecture

There are ten old settlements inside the National Park, which are now mostly abandoned: Parići, Ramići, Kneževići, Katići, Škiljići, Jasenar, Rimenić, Jurline, Marasovići and Njive. Particularly interesting is the site Sklopina with the houses built into semi-faults.

Sklopina

Published in Park

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07 Februar 2019

Water mills in Paklenica National Park

Written by Super User

During the first half of the 19^th century, 15 water mills were built on Velika Paklenica Stream, from the today’s Entrance 1 upstream. These mills are: Donji (Lower) Marasović Mill, Srednji (Mid) Marasović Mill, Šikić Mill, Dadić Mill, Jurnović Mill, Markov Mill, Katić Mill, Smokrović Mill, Donji (Lower) Ramić Mill, Parić Mill, Gornji (Upper) Ramić Mill, Donji (Lower) Parić Mill, Gornji (Upper) Parić Mill, Donji (Lower) Knežević Mill and Gornji (Upper) Knežević Mill.

Today, not one of these mills is still in function, but the mill located 150 m northeast of Entrance 1 has been renovated, so you can sightsee it during your visit to the National Park.

During the main visiting season (May to October) the mill is open daily from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Published in Park

07 Februar 2019

Archaeological finds in Paklenica National Park and wider area

Written by Super User

The area of South Velebit has been inhabited since prehistoric times. It is believed that, during the last ice age, the area was probably inhabited by small groups of Paleolithic hunters/collectors, like elsewhere in the Mediterranean. The sea level must have been 120 meters lower than today at the time, and Velebit Channel was a wide valley with a river flowing through it. The highest parts of Velebit were covered with glaciers. When the sea level began to rise in the late ice age, people moved to higher, hilly areas. The earliest records of humans in Velebit – Mesolithic flint tools found in Vaganačka Cave under Veliko Rujno- date back to this era.

For thousands of years, shepherds used Vaganacka Cave to shelter their herds. They left behind a four meters thick accumulation of soil and fragments of characteristically shaped pottery vessels.

Approximately eight thousand years ago, the first cattle breeders and farmers arrived in the area, bringing wheat, domestic goats and sheep, as well as the knowledge of their breeding. The hunting/collection activities soon lost its importance, and a shepherd life began on Velebit. Plenty of material evidence, such as bones of domestic animals, tools and equipment used by prehistoric shepherds and decorated clay tableware, was found in the caves that served as shelter for people and cattle.

Over the last two thousand years BC, during the Bronze Age, the first fortifications and stone wall buildings were erected. They could serve as shelter to the population from the surrounding villages in case of danger, and some of them may have been permanent settlements where the local rulers had their seats. In addition, they oversaw important cattle and trade routes leading to Velebit and further to Lika via Paklenica or Rujno. Some of them served to oversee navigation. They are now destroyed, but ring-shaped mounds up to several meters in height can still be seen in some places. In immediate vicinity of the fortifications, you can find casket heaps – deposits of large round stone under which former rulers were buried in casket made of stone tablets. Most of them have been dug out and the graves have been robbed, but they can still be spotted here and there, like in the area of the village of Ljubotić above Tribanj-Kruščica.

A prehistoric burial cairn

Over the last two thousand years before Christ, the east coast of the Adriatic was gradually conquered by the Roman legions. After the Roman Province of Dalmatia was founded in the early 1st century A.D., permanent Roman reign was established. Starigrad (Roman name: Argyruntum) was established at the time, and it soon developed into an important trading center. In the fourth century A.D., Emperor Tiberius had it fortified with walls and towers. The town cemetery was situated by the road that led southwest of the town. Plenty of archeological findings were collected from approximately 400 explored graves – jewelry, glassware and metalware, weapons and tools. The most interesting finding is certainly the ancient glass collection – as many as 146 vessels of different forms (bowls, glasses, bottled) – kept in the Zadar Museum of Archeology.

Peninsular location of Starigrad Paklenica at the start of the 20th century (ABRAMIĆ - COLANGO 1909).

The numbered locations are parts of the city from the antiquity period that were excavated in 1908 and some parts of the present-day city 1 Necropolis from the antiquity period, 2 and 7 Roman walls, 3 Roman road, 4 and 5Chapel and Church of Saint George, 6 Excavation location that contained epigraphical remains.

Life in Argyruntum came to a standstill in the early 4th century A.D. The era of peace was interrupted by attacks of barbaric nations that eventually led to the decline of the Roman state. In an attempt to bring the Adriatic coast back to Empire, East Roman Emperor Justinian built a system of fortifications to secure navigation and protect the local population. The ruins of forts and towers above Modrič and near Sveta Trojica not far from Tribanj are parts of this defensive system that briefly postponed the final decline of the ancient world in the Adriatic.

Ancient glass from Argyruntum

Published in Park

04 Februar 2019

Natura 2000

Written by Super User

Natura 2000 je ekološka mreža sastavljena od područja važnih za očuvanje ugroženih vrsta i stanišnih tipova Europske unije. Njezin cilj je očuvati ili ponovno uspostaviti povoljno stanje više od tisuću ugroženih i rijetkih vrsta te oko 230 prirodnih i poluprirodnih stanišnih tipova.

Dosad je u ovu ekološku mrežu uključeno oko 27.500 područja na gotovo 20% teritorija EU, što je čini najvećim sustavom očuvanih područja u svijetu. Natura 2000 temelji se na EU direktivama, područja se biraju znanstvenim mjerilima, a kod upravljanja tim područjima u obzir se uzima i interes i dobrobit ljudi koji u njima žive (preuzeto s http://www.haop.hr).

Ekološka mreža Natura 2000 jedan je od osnovnih mehanizama zaštite prirode u EU. Svaka država članica Europske unije doprinosi Ekološkoj mreži izdvajanjem najvažnijih područja za svaku pojedinu vrstu i stanišni tip naveden u odgovarajućim dodacima EU direktiva. Područja izdvojena za Ekološku mrežu, birana su isključivo prema znanstvenim i stručnim kriterijima, a odabrana područja moraju svojom površinom i raspoređenošću osigurati dugoročno očuvanje povoljnog stanja pojedine vrste i stanišnog tipa.

Nacionalni park Paklenica, kao dio Ekološke mreže Natura 2000, područje je značajno za vrste i stanišne tipove (POVS).
Osnovni podaci o Natura 2000 području:
Naziv: Nacionalni park Paklenica
Natura 2000 kód područja: HR2000871
Površina: 9507.557 ha
Biogeografske regije: Alpinska i Mediteranska

Ciljne vrste za Natura 2000 područje Nacionalni park Paklenica:

Natura2000 kod	Hrvatski naziv vrste	Znanstveni naziv vrste	Skupina
1083	jelenak	Lucanus cervus	Beskralješnjaci
1087	alpinska strizibuba	Rosalia alpina*
1088	hrastova strizibuba	Cerambyx cerdo
1089	velika četveropjega cvilidreta	Morimus asper funereus
4019	tankovratni podzemljar	Leptodirus hochenwartii
6337	planinski žutokrug	Vipera ursinii macrops*	Gmazovi
1303	mali potkovnjak	Rhinolophus hipposideros	Sisavci
1304	veliki potkovnjak	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
1308	širokouhi mračnjak	Barbastella barbastellus
1310	dugokrili pršnjak	Miniopterus schreibersii
1321	riđi šišmis	Myotis emarginatus
1323	velikouhi šišmiš	Myotis bechsteinii
1324	veliki šišmiš	Myotis myotis
1352	vuk	Canis lupus*
1354	medvjed	Ursus arctos*
1361	ris	Lynx lynx
6338	dinarski voluhar	Dinaromys bogdanovi
1473	kitaibelov pakujac	Aquilegia kitaibelii	Flora
1547	cjelolatična žutilovka	Genista holopetala
1604	planinski kotrljan	Eryngium alpinum
1902	gospina papučica	Cypripedium calceolus
4072	dinarski rožac	Cerastium dinaricum
2093	modra sasa	Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis
4089	Skopolijeva gušarka	Arabis scopoliana

Ciljni stanišni tipovi za Natura 2000 područje Nacionalni park Paklenica:

Naziv stanišnog tipa	Natura2000 kod
Klekovina bora krivulja (Pinus mugo) s dlakavim pjenišnikom (Rhododendron hirsutum)	4070
Sastojine Juniperus communis na kiseloj ili bazičnoj podlozi	5130
Mediteranske makije u kojima dominiraju borovice Juniperus spp.	5210
Planinski i pretplaninski vapnenački travnjaci	6170
Karbonatna točila Thlaspietea rotundifolii	8120
Istočnomediteranska točila	8140
Karbonatne stijene s hazmofitskom vegetacijom	8210
(Sub-) mediteranske šume endemičnog crnog bora	9530
Ilirske bukove šume (Aremonio-Fagion)	91K0
Špilje i jame zatvorene za javnost	8310

Područje Nacionalnog parka dio je i Natura 2000 područja Velebit (HR1000022) značajno za ptice (POP).

Aquilegia kitaibelii
Kitajbelov pakujac

Cerastium dinaricum
Dinarski rožac

Cypripedium calceolus
Gospina papučica

Eryngium alpinum
Planinski kotrljan

Ilirske bukove šume
Stanište alpinske strizibube

Lucanus cervus
Jelenak

Morimus funereus
Mrka strizibuba

Pretplaninski vapnenački travnjaci-stanište planinskog žutokruga

Pulsatilla grandis
Sasa

Rosalia alpina
Alpinska strizibuba

Vipera ursinii macrops
Planinski žutokrug

Published in Park

29 November 2018

UNESCO-ov Popis Svjetske baštine

Written by Super User

Kulturna i prirodna baština svrstava se u neprocjenjiva i nezamjenjiva dobra, ne samo svake pojedine zemlje već i cjelokupnog čovječanstva. Gubitak bilo kojeg od tih dobara neprocjenjive vrijednosti zbog propadanja ili nestajanja, znači osiromašenje baštine svih naroda svijeta. Dijelovi te baštine, zbog svojih iznimnih osobina, mogu se smatrati dobrima "iznimne univerzalne vrijednosti" i kao takovi zavređuju posebnu zaštitu od opasnosti koje im sve više prijete.

Proglašenjem i upisom na Popis svjetske baštine 2017. godine, bukove šume na području Nacionalnog parka Paklenica i Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit pripadaju svjetski značajnim lokalitetima.

UNESCO je organizacija koja je zamisao o potrebi očuvanja svjetske prirodne i kulturne baštine počela provoditi od 1972. godine kada je usvojena Konvencija o zaštiti svjetske kulturne i prirodne baštine. Svrha je Konvencije da identificira, štiti, čuva, prezentira i predaje budućim generacijama kulturnu i prirodnu baštinu iznimne univerzalne vrijednosti. Jedan od najvažnijih instrumenata Konvencije je je uvrštavanje dobara na UNESCO-ov Popis Svjetske baštine. Glavni kriterij za uvrštavanje na Popis prirodne baštine je da dobro ima iznimne univerzalne vrijednost po jednom od 4 kriterija:

- područja iznimne prirodne ljepote i estetskog značaja

- područja koja predstavljaju važne etape povijesti našeg planeta, značajne geološke procese i imaju značajne geomorfološke i fiziografske karakteristike

- područja koja predstavljaju primjer ekoloških i bioloških procesa u evoluciji

- područja koja su najznačajnija prirodna staništa za očuvanje biološke raznolikosti in situ

Bukove šume Nacionalnog parka Paklenica i Nacionalnog Parka Sjeverni Velebit uvrštene su 7. srpnja 2017. godine na UNESCO-v Popis svjetske baštine te zajedno s bukovim šumama Albanije, Austrije, Belgije, Bugarske, Italije, Njemačke, Rumunjske, Slovačke, Slovenije, Španjolske i Ukrajine, sačinjavaju cjelinu „Bukove prašume i izvorne bukove šume Karpata i ostalih regija Europe". Za uvrštenje na UNESCO-v Popis svjetske baštine kao hrvatski predstavnici izvornih bukovih šuma, odabrane su dvije cjeline, jedna unutar granica NP Paklenica (Suva draga-Klimenta i Oglavinovac-Javornik) i druga cjelina unutar granica NP Sjeverni Velebit (Rožanski i Hajdučki kukovi).

Bukove šume Nacionalnih parkova Paklenica i Sjeverni Velebit predstavljaju iznimno očuvane nenarušene šumske ekosustave kojima je dugogodišnja zaštita osigurala izvornost i cjelovitost. Vrijedan su dio izvornih bukovih Europe i važno su utočište brojnim vrstama, od kojih su neke, poput medvjeda, risa, vuka, djetlovki, jelenka, strizibuba, te božikovine, božura ili šumskih orhideja, ugrožene na svjetskoj razini.

Bukva je jedna od najvažnijih vrsta u šumama listača umjerenog pojasa. Predstavlja izvanredan primjer ponovnog osvajanja prostora i razvoja šumskih zajednica nakon posljednje glacijacije, duž cijelog područja Europe, pod različitim ekološkim uvjetima (klimatski i geografski) kroz relativno kratko vrijeme. To je proces koji traje i danas.

Razvojem civilizacije i kultiviranjem šumskih površina, diljem Europe nestale su značajne šumske površine pa tako i bukove šume. Mnogim bukovim šumama koje još postoje se gospodari pa je njihova izvornost narušena. Procjenjuje se da su bukove prašume, prije ljudske intervencije u Europi zauzimale 91.000.000 hektara. Danas izvorne bukove zauzimaju površinu od svega 90.000 hektara. Jedini primjeri izvornih bukovih šuma koji se još mogu istraživati zbog svoje netaknutosti i iskonske očuvanosti, ograničeni su na relativno mala područja pa se nametnula potreba objedinjavanja tih ostataka diljem Europe pod jedno prirodno dobro i s jednim ciljem, a to je zajednička briga o njima.

O prekograničnom dobru „Bukove prašume i izvorne bukove šume Karpata i ostalih regija Europe“ zajedno brine 18 država na čijem se području nalaze pojedine komponente kroz redovne sastanke i razvoje zajedničkih projekata te upravljačkih dokumenata. Više o komponentama Dobra dostupno je na sljedećoj poveznici: Europske bukove šume.

UNESCO-ovo Serijsko Dobro Svjetske baštine “Bukove prašume i izvorne bukove šume Karpata i ostalih regija Europe” 2021. godine prošireno je sa 6 novih država članica (Bosna i Hercegovina, Češka, Francuska, Poljska, Sjeverna Makedonija i Švicarska). Ovim proširenjem dodano je, i umreženo s ostalima, 15 novih zaštićenih područja, a moguće je da će u skoroj budućnosti slijediti i dodavanje još vrijednih šumskih područja. Cijelo Dobro Svjetske baštine sadrži svega nekoliko preostalih Europskih prašuma i stoljetne Europske bukove šume, koje su opstale gotovo neizmjenjene do danas.

Ovo serijsko Dobro trenutno je najveće serijsko dobro UNESCO-ove Svjetske baštine. S 93 lokaliteta u 18 država, jedino je dobro Svjetske baštine koje povezuje toliko mnogo komponenti. Unutar navedenog Dobra nalaze se područja iz Albanije, Austrije, Belgije, Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Francuske, Njemačke, Italije, Hrvatske, Češke, Poljske, Rumunjske, Sjeverne Makedonije, Slovačke, Slovenije, Španjolske, Švicarske i Ukrajine. To zahtjeva prekograničnu suradnju i ilustrira blisku povezanost bukovih šuma s Europskom kulturom.

Published in Park

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